ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. ꯀꯣꯔ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ: ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫

 

 

 

 

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ-ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ – ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

 

ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯔꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ (Fe → Fe2+ + 2e−)ꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ (O2 + 2H2O + 4e− → 4OH−) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯥꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ [Fe(OH)2] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ [Fe(OH)3]ꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯣꯝ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅꯥ, ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ; ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯄꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯔꯠ-ꯇꯔꯝ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯔ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

 

 

 

 

 

 

II. ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯔꯤ: ꯆꯍꯤ 3–5ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫

 

(꯱) ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

 

 

 

ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ "ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ" ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯂꯐꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ 3ꯗꯒꯤ 5 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ pH ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ: pH 6.5ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ; pH 9ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔ-ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯂꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

 

 

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ/ꯂꯤꯇꯔ ꯸–꯱꯰) ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯦꯆꯨꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯒꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯐꯤꯜꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯕꯣꯂꯤꯖꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯂꯐꯥꯏꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯜꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

(2) ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯦꯇꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫

 

ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ – ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ (Sa2.5 ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ) ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ – ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯚꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯑꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ;

 

 

ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯁꯨꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ – ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯦꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯩꯁꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ "ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ" ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

 

 

 

(꯳) ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ -ꯇꯔꯝ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

 

ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯗꯥꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯖꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯞ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯚ ꯑꯦꯅꯚꯥꯏꯔꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯕꯨꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯚꯦꯄꯣꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

(꯴) ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

 

 

 

ꯌꯨꯖꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

 

ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ: ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯏꯅꯍꯤꯕꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯍꯤꯕꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ;

 

ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯐꯤꯜꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯥꯌ-ꯑꯇꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ;

 

ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ-ꯊꯣꯏ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯊ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫

 

 

 

III. ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ

 

 

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ -ꯇꯔꯝ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫

 

 

ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯋꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ-ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯅꯒꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯈꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯄꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯔꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫